The position of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia in the relations between the Sassanian Empire and the Roman Empire in the third century AD

Abstract

During the Arsacids Empire The Arsacids of Armenia because of the relative causal And relationship with the Iranian rulers had always been an ally of Iran against Rome; But With the fall of the Arsacids and ascendency of the Sassanids in Iran, began a new chapter in the relations of Armenia with Iran and Rome. Unlike the period before the Arsacids of Armenia has always been at the forefront in the struggle between Iran and Rome were counter the influence of the Roman Empire, this time with the fall of the Arsacids in Iran and the rise of the Sassanid dynasty, the Arsacids of Armenia were in alliance with the enemies of the Sassanids. In the meantime, the Sassanids also followed a tense policy towards Armenia in the face of the Roman Empire and took the lead in the successive wars of Ardashir and his successor, Shapur with the Roman Empire over Armenia was, in the end, success Shapur in Armenia was under colonize.  So that the middle of the third century AD, Armenia became the headquarters of the Sassanid forces were at war with Rome. The Arsacids kings of Armenia in this period to stay against the Sassanids damage, defected to the Roman Empire And from Rome on some parts of Western Armenia remained under Roman rule, as puppet kings ruled Rome. Parthian influence in Armenia so far was that Narseh after the defeat of the emperor of the Roman Empire at the end of the third century, Calling for acceptance and going back Tiridates, the Parthian prince before the Sassanid forces of the Roman Empire had taken refuge.

Keywords

References

پاسدرماجیان، هراند، (1369)، تاریخ ارمنستان، ترجمۀ محمد قاضی، تهران: زرین.
پاکزادیان، حسن، (1384)، تاریخ و گاه‌شماری در سکه‌های ساسانی، تهران: سازمان چاپ و انتشارات وزارت فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی.
دریایی، تورج، (1383)، شاهنشاهی ساسانی، ترجمۀ مرتضی ثاقب‌فر، تهران: ققنوس.
زرین‌کوب، روزبه، (1393)، «تاریخ سیاسی ساسانیان»، تاریخ جامع ایران، زیر نظر کاظم موسوی بجنوردی، تهران: مرکز دائره المعارف اسلامی، صص461-574.
شیپمان، کلاوس، (1384)، مبانی تاریخ ساسانیان، ترجمۀ کیکاوس جهانداری، تهران: فرزان روز.
سارگسیان،ک، خ و دیگران، (1360)، تاریخ ارمنستان، ترجمۀ گرمانیک، جلد اول، بی‌نا: تهران.
طبری، محمد بن جریر، 1375، تاریخ طبری یا تاریخ الرسل و الملوک، ترجمۀ ابوالقاسم پاینده، ج2، تهران: اساطیر.
فرای، ریچارد، (1380)، تاریخ باستانی ایران، ترجمۀ مسعود رجب نیا، تهران: علمی و فرهنگی. 
فرای، ریچارد، (1387)، «تاریخ سیاسی ساسانیان»، تاریخ ایران کمبریج، (ج3 قسمت سوم)، ترجمۀ تیمور قادری، تهران: مهتاب.
کارنامه اردشیر بابکان، (1354)، ترجمۀ بهرام فره وشی، تهران: دانشگاه تهران.
کریستنسن، آرتور، (1383)، ایران در زمان ساسانیان، ترجمۀ رشید یاسمی، تهران: زرین.
لوکونین، و.گ.، (1350)، تمدن ایران ساسانی، ترجمۀ عنایت الله رضا، تهران: بنگاه ترجه و نشر کتاب.
ولسکی، یوزف، (1383)، شاهنشاهی اشکانی، ترجمۀ مرتضی ثاقب فر، تهران: ققنوس. 
یعقوبی، ابن‌واضح، (1382)، تاریخ یعقوبی، ترجمۀ محمد ابراهیم آیتی، تهران: علمی و فرهنگی. 
Adalian, R.P. (2010), Historical Dictionary of Armenia, Scarecrow Press.
 
 
 
Agathangelos ,(1976), History of the Armenians, translated by R.W.Thomson, Albany.
Ammianus Marcellinus, (1950), Roman History, translated by j.c. Rolf, (Loib Classical Library)  
Baldus, H.R., (1971), Uranius Antonius: Münzprägung und Geschichte, Antiquitas, series 3, 11, Bonn.
Barnes,T.D. (1982),The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine, Cambridge MA. 
Barnes,T.D. (1981), Constantine and Eusebius, Cambridge MA. 
Back,. M., (1978) , Die sassanidischen Staatsinschriften: Studien zur Orthographie und Phonologie des Mittlpersischen der Inschriften, Acta Iranica 18, Tehran and Liège.
Bournoution, George,(1995), A History Of The Armenian People , voume1, California, mazda publishers. 
Bowman, Alan K. (2005), "Diocletian and the First Tetrarchy" (CAH), 73, pp.284-305
Chahim, M., (2001), The Kingdom of Armenia, London, Routledge.  
Chaumont .M.L.,(1968), “Les grands rois sassanides d’Arménie (IIIème siècle ap. J.-C.),” in Mélanges Ghirshman III, Iranica Antiqua 8, pp. 81-93
Chaumont, M. L, (1969), Recherches sur l’histoire d’Armenie: De l’avenement des Sassanides a la conversion du royaume,paris.
Chaumont, .M.L., (1973), “Conquêtes sassanides et propagande mazdéenne,” Historia 22,  pp. 664-710
Chaumont, M.L. , (1976), Armenia between Rome and Iran I: the advent of Augustus to the accession of Diocletian from Aufstieg und Niedergang der Welt Römischen II.
Chaumont,M.L.,(1986),"Armenia and Iran II.The Pre-Islamic Period", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol.II, Fasc.4, pp. 418-438.
 
 
Dignas ,B. and Winter ,E.,(2007), Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbours and Rivals. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
Dio Cassius, (1955) ,Roman history , translated by Earnest Cavary , Harvard University .  
 
Elishe, 1982 , History of Vardan and Armenian War , translated and commentary by Robert W. Thomson, Harvard University Press .
Ensslin,.W.,(1949), Zu den Kriegen des Sassaniden Schapur I., Sb. der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Kl., Jahrgang 1947, Heft 5, Munich.
Erdkamp .p.,(2010),  A Companion to the Roman Army, Publisher by John Wiley & Sons.
Eutropius,(1853), Abridgement of Roman History, translated, with notes, by the Rev. John Selby Watson, London.
Fray R.N.,(1983),”The political History of Iran Under The Sasanians”, The Cambridge History of Iran,ed. E. Yarshater,Vol 3(1), pp.116-180
Henning,.W.B.,(1977), “The Great Inscription of Šāpur I,” BSO(A)S 9/4, 1939, pp. 823-49; repr. in W. B. Henning Selected Papers I, Acta Iranica 14, Tehran and Liège,  pp. 601-28.
Herodian,(1970) , History of the Empire , Vol II (book 5-8) , loebclassical library, London and New York.  
Hovannisian, R.G. , (2004)  The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, Palgrave Macmillan.
Humbach H. and P.O. Skjærvø, (1983), The Sassanian Inscription of Paikuli, Wiesbaden.
 
 
 
 
Huyse, ph., (1999) ,  Die dreisprachige Inschrift Šābuhrs I. An der Kaʿba-i Žardušt ĞŠKZ), 2 vols. (Corp. Iscrip. Iran. III, Vol. I, Text I), London.
Kettenhofen,.E.,1982, Die römisch-persischen Kriege des 3. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. nach der Inschrift Šāhpuhrs I. an der Kaʿbe-ye Zartošt (ŠKZ), TAVO suppl., series B 55, Wiesbaden.
Kettenhofen .E., (1995), Tirdād und die Inschrift von Paikuli: Kritik der Quellen zur Geschichte Armeniens im späten 3. und frühen 4. Jh. n. Chr., Wiesbaden.
 
Marquart,.J.,(1895), “Beiträge zur Geschichte und Sage von Ērān,” ZDMG 49, pp. 628-72.
Millar,.F.,(1993) , The Roman Near  East (31BC-337AD) ,Harvard University Press.
Morony, M. (1998. “Sassanids”, The Encylcopaedia of Islam, pp.70-83
Khorenatsi, Moses, (1978) , History of the Armenians , translated R. W. Thomson , Harvard University Press. 
Olmstead,.A.T.,(1942), “The Mid-Third Century of the Christian Era,” Classical Philology 37, pp. 241-62, 398-420.
Potter .D.S.,(1990), prophecy and History in the Crisis of the Roman Empire , A Historical Commentary on the Thirteenth Sibylline Oracle,  Oxford.
Potter,D.,(2005), Literary Texts and the Roman Historian (Approaching the Ancient World), Routledge\/Taylor & Francis e-Library.
Potts .D.T., (1990), The Arabian Gulf in Antiquity, 2 vols, Oxford.     
Potts .D.T., (1997), “The Roman relationship with the Persicus Sinus from the rise of Spasinou Charax (127BC) To the reign of shapur II (309-379 AD)”, in the Early Roman Empirein the East, ed . S. E. Alcock, Oxford pp:89-107
Rawlinson, G. (1882), The Seventh Great Monarcy or the History,Geography and Antiquitiesof the sassanianor or New Persian Empire, Vol 1, New York.
Rostovtzeff  .M.,(1960) , Rome, Oxford University press.  
Rostovtzeff,M.L.,(1943), “Res Gestae Divi Saporis and Dura,” Berytus 8, pp. 17-60
Sachau, E., (1915), Die Chronik Von Arbela, Berlino.
Schippmann K.,(1990), Grundzüge der Geschichte des sasanidischen Reiches, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt  
Scriptores Historiae Augustae [SHA], ed. Ch. Samberger and W. Seyfarth (Leipzig 1997
 
 
 
 
Springling, M. ,(1953), Third Century Iran Sapor And Kartir. prepared and distributed at oriental institute university of Chicago.
Southern, Pat (2001), The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine, Routledge.
Toumanoff, Cyril,(1969) ,”The Third Century Armenian Arsacids” , A chronological and genealogical commentary , p 233-281
Widengren, G.,(1971) , ‘The Establishment of the Sassanian Dynasty in the Light of New Evidence’  in Persia,  pp 711-82.
Wiesehofer, J. (1982) 'Die Anfange sassanidischer Westpolitik und der Untergang Hatras', Klio 64: 437-47.
Whitehouse, D. and Williamson, A. (1973) 'Sasanian maritime trade', Iran 11: 29-49
Williams, S. (1997), Diocletian and the Roman Recovery, New York,Routedge.
Winter, E.,(1988), Die sdsanidisch-romischen Friedensvertrdge des 3. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. - Ein Beitragzum Verstdndnis der aufenpolitischen Beziehungen zwischen den beiden Grofmdchten. Frankfurt.
Zonaras, (2009), The History of Zonaras: From Alexander Severus to the Death of Theodosius the Great (Routledge Classical Translations) by Thomas M. Banchich, London and New York.
Zosimus, Count, (1814), The History of Count Zosimus, sometime advocate and chancellor of the Roman Empire , translated into English, by Dr. Harris ,london.
 
 
Journal of Historical Researches of Iran and Islam
Volume 11, Issue 20
September 2017
Pages 51-80

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 21 April 2016
  • Revise Date: 31 August 2016
  • Accept Date: 25 October 2017

Share

How to cite

Statistics