The Impact of the Ottoman State's Religious Policies on Shahābīds’s Relations with Al-Shām’s Shīīts: )A Case Study of Shīīts clans in Jabal‘āmel, Jabal Lebanon, Ba‘lbek and Beghā‘(

Authors

1 Graduated from the Department of history and civilization of Islamic nations, Imam Khomeini international university (IKIU), Qazvin, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of History and Civilization of Islamic Nations, Imam Khomeini international university (IKIU), Qazvin,

Abstract

During the Ottoman’s era, the actions of their local assigned governments against Al-Shām’s Shīīts clans intensified. Among these governments were Shahābīds (Al-Shahāb) who, under the support of the Ottomans, undertook extensive anti-Shī‘a policies. This research, while investigating the effect of the Ottomans' religious policies on Shahābīds’s relations with Al-Shām’s Shīīts clans in Jabal ‘āmel, Jabal Lebanon, Ba‘lbek and Beghā‘, reached the conclusion that the Ottomans considered Al-Shām’s Shīīts to be a religious-political threat and to maintain their dominance, They appointed completely obedient non- Shī‘a clans over the mentioned Shīīts areas. The appointment of obedient Shahābīds’s Druzeans clans was one of them. Therefore, Shīīts with three different ways, first: attack and war, second: alliance with Druzeans and third: the formation of partisan groups of "Tīyāh", they placed confrontation with the on Shahābīds and the Ottomans at the top of the affairs and instilled fear in the hearts of the Ottomans. Following the unification of Shīīts with the Druzeans, the Ottomans turned away from Druzeans Shahābīds and handed over the government to the Maronite Shahābīds and the important positions to the Maronites. In addition, they moved a large number of Maronites to the settlements of Shīīts, and in this way, they got into conflict with the Shīīts and Druzes.

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  • Receive Date: 10 November 2023
  • Revise Date: 18 February 2024
  • Accept Date: 02 March 2024

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